Southern skimmer (Orthetrum brunneum)

The Orthetrum brunneum, commonly known as the Southern Skimmer, is a species of dragonfly belonging to the family Libellulidae. Here’s a detailed description:

• Appearance: The Southern Skimmer is a medium to large-sized dragonfly with a wingspan ranging from 70 to 80 millimeters. It has a slender body and broad, transparent wings. Adult males typically have a brown or bronze body with yellow markings along the sides and a distinctive black band near the tip of each wing. Females and immature individuals may exhibit similar coloration but may lack the dark wing bands.
• Habitat: Southern Skimmers are commonly found near still or slow-flowing water bodies, including ponds, lakes, marshes, and slow-moving rivers. They prefer areas with open water and emergent vegetation, where they can perch and hunt for prey.
• Range: This species is native to various parts of Europe, including the Mediterranean region, North Africa, and parts of the Middle East. It is widespread within its range and can be found in suitable habitats across different countries.
• Behavior: Southern Skimmers are agile fliers, often seen patrolling their territory or perching on vegetation near the water’s edge. They are skilled hunters, preying on small insects such as flies, mosquitoes, and other flying insects. Males are territorial and will defend their territory from intruding males.
• Reproduction: Like other dragonflies, the Southern Skimmer undergoes a complex life cycle that includes egg-laying in water, followed by larval development and emergence as adults. Mating typically occurs near water bodies, where females lay their eggs in submerged vegetation or directly in the water.
• Conservation: While the Southern Skimmer is not considered globally threatened, it may face localized threats due to habitat loss, pollution, and changes in land use. Conservation efforts aimed at preserving freshwater habitats and maintaining water quality can benefit not only the Southern Skimmer but also other aquatic species.

The Southern Skimmer is admired by enthusiasts and researchers for its beauty, behavior, and ecological importance as a predator in freshwater ecosystems. Understanding its habitat requirements and conservation needs is crucial for ensuring its long-term survival.