Common Mormon (Papilio polytes) https://karits.eu/index.php/2024/10/04/common-mormon-papilio-polytes-2/

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The Common Mormon (Papilio polytes) is a butterfly species belonging to the Papilionidae family, commonly found in various parts of Asia, including Thailand. Here are some key features and characteristics of the Common Mormon:

Appearance: The Common Mormon exhibits sexual dimorphism, with distinct differences in appearance between males and females. Male Common Mormons typically have black wings with white markings and a prominent patch of metallic blue or green on the hindwings. The females, on the other hand, are highly polymorphic and can exhibit several different forms, including mimicking toxic or unpalatable species. Some female forms resemble the male, while others have various combinations of black, white, yellow, and orange markings.
Distribution: Common Mormons are widespread across Asia, ranging from India and Sri Lanka to Southeast Asian countries like Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Within Thailand, they inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, gardens, and urban areas.
Lifecycle: Like other butterflies, Common Mormons undergo complete metamorphosis, transitioning through egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis), and adult stages. The caterpillars feed on leaves of host plants, which include members of the citrus family (Rutaceae), such as lime, lemon, and orange trees.
Behavior: Common Mormon butterflies are often seen flying gracefully in sunny areas, particularly around flowering plants where they feed on nectar. They are relatively strong fliers and may cover considerable distances in search of food and suitable breeding sites.
Ecological Importance: Common Mormons, like other butterfly species, play a vital role in pollination as they visit flowers to feed on nectar. Additionally, they serve as prey for various predators and contribute to the overall biodiversity of their ecosystems.
Conservation: While the Common Mormon is not considered globally threatened, it may face localized threats such as habitat loss due to deforestation, agricultural expansion, and urbanization. Conservation efforts focus on preserving and restoring habitats, as well as raising awareness about the importance of butterflies and their ecological roles.