Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix) https://karits.eu/index.php/2024/10/17/hooded-crow-corvus-cornix-4/

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The Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix) is a bird species belonging to the crow family, Corvidae. Here are some key characteristics and information about this fascinating bird:

Appearance: Hooded Crows are medium-sized birds with predominantly black plumage. They have a distinctive gray or silver-gray hood, nape, and upper breast, which contrasts with the black feathers on the rest of their body. This hooded appearance gives them their common name. The wings and tail are also black, and they have strong, sturdy bills.
Distribution: Hooded Crows are native to parts of Europe and Asia. They are found across a broad geographical range, including Scandinavia, the British Isles, Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia. They are notably absent from the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and southern Greece.
Habitat: These crows are adaptable birds that inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, woodlands, open fields, farmlands, coastal areas, and urban environments. They are often found in close proximity to human settlements and agricultural areas.
Behavior: Hooded Crows are highly intelligent and social birds, often forming large flocks, especially outside of the breeding season. They are opportunistic feeders, consuming a diverse diet that includes insects, small mammals, birds, eggs, carrion, fruits, seeds, and human food scraps. They are known to cache food for later consumption and are capable of using tools to extract food from hard-to-reach places.
Breeding: These crows typically breed in pairs and build their nests in trees, shrubs, or on man-made structures such as buildings or utility poles. The nest is constructed from twigs, grass, and other plant materials and lined with softer materials such as feathers or moss. The female lays a clutch of eggs, usually ranging from 3 to 5 eggs, which are incubated for around 17 to 20 days.
Vocalization: Hooded Crows are vocal birds and produce a variety of calls, including harsh caws and softer, more melodic sounds. Their vocalizations are used for communication within their social groups, including during territorial disputes and to coordinate group activities such as foraging.
Conservation Status: The Hooded Crow is not globally threatened, and its population appears to be stable. However, local populations may face threats from habitat loss, pesticide use, persecution, and collisions with vehicles and infrastructure.