Eurasian pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum)

The Eurasian pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum) is the smallest owl species in Europe, known for its compact size and fierce hunting behavior. Below is a detailed overview:

General Information:

• Scientific Name: Glaucidium passerinum
• Common Names: Eurasian pygmy owl, European pygmy owl
• Family: Strigidae (true owls)
• Size:
  • Length: 15–19 cm (5.9–7.5 in)
  • Wingspan: 32–39 cm (12.6–15.4 in)
  • Weight: 50–80 g (1.8–2.8 oz)
• Lifespan: Typically 6–7 years in the wild

Appearance:

• Small and compact with a rounded head, lacking ear tufts
• Brownish-gray plumage with white speckles on the head and back
• Pale underparts with dark streaks
• Yellow eyes and a small, sharp beak
• A short tail with dark bands

Distribution & Habitat:

• Found across northern and central Europe, as well as parts of Siberia
• Prefers dense coniferous and mixed forests, especially in mountainous and boreal regions
• Often nests in old woodpecker cavities

Behavior & Diet:

• Activity: Crepuscular (most active at dawn and dusk), but can also hunt during the day
• Hunting Style: Perches silently before ambushing prey
• Diet: Carnivorous; primarily feeds on small birds and rodents, such as voles and shrews
• Stores excess food in tree holes for later consumption

Breeding & Nesting:

• Breeding season: April to June
• Monogamous during breeding season
• Nesting: Uses tree cavities, mainly old woodpecker holes
• Clutch size: 3–7 eggs
• Incubation: Around 28 days (female incubates while male provides food)
• Fledging period: 4–5 weeks after hatching

Vocalizations:

• Produces high-pitched whistles and trills, especially during the breeding season
• Males use calls to defend territory and attract mates

Conservation Status:

• IUCN Red List: Least Concern (LC)
• Threats: Habitat loss due to deforestation and climate change
• Protection: Present in many nature reserves and protected areas

Interesting Facts:

• Despite its small size, it is a highly efficient predator and can take down prey nearly as large as itself.
• It has false “eyes” on the back of its head (dark feather markings) that may deter predators.
• Unlike many other owls, it is known for being active during daylight hours.

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